The first free Black republic in Black history is Haiti. The Haitian Revolution, which began in 1791 and lasted until 1804, resulted in the successful uprising and liberation of enslaved Africans in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which later became the independent nation of Haiti. Led by revolutionary leaders such as Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, enslaved Africans and free people of color fought against French colonial rule and ultimately declared independence on January 1, 1804, becoming the first independent Black republic in the world.

The Haitian Revolution was a pivotal moment in Black history, as it challenged the institution of slavery and colonialism and inspired other enslaved Africans and oppressed peoples around the world to fight for their freedom and rights. Haiti's independence marked a significant victory for Black liberation and self-determination, and the country's revolutionary legacy continues to inspire movements for justice and equality globally.